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Constitutional Convention for US History

Added Aug 24, 2017 •

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time welcome back to mr. Raymond Social Studies Academy where today we will learn about the Constitutional Convention in our series of creating a more Union after America issued the Declaration of Independence we were launched into a war with the most powerful country in the world and we learned in previous how did new United States government had serious difficulties supplying General Washington's troops with supplies to fight the British because the Congress didn't have the power to tax without the power to tax the Confederation Congress was forced to beg other countries and individual states money and that didn't go so far America had created a confederation a government in which the states had all of the power under its first come tution the Articles of Confederation in addition to lacking the power to tax the government had only one branch of legislature but no one to Moore's the law in the form of an executive branch and no National court system as we learn in previous video in 1786 a rebellion of disgruntled Farmers most of whom had fought in the Revolutionary War and we're paid with worthless American money took control of most of Western Massachusetts known as Shay's Rebellion with a national government so weak as to be unable to put down this Rebellion or incapable of fixing the problems that caused this outbreak many Americans had had enough of this weak central government so today we will look at the Gathering to write a new constitution to solve these problems you will most likely be tested on the compromises that took place at the Constitutional Convention such as the New Jersey and Virginia plans resulting in the Great Plies issues of slavery such as the Three-Fifths Compromise creating an executive or president and how do let that President and how power share between the national government and the states and just remind her teachers at this PowerPoint with a variety of resources are available at Teachers Pay Teachers just click the link of the notes beloved video or search for mystery man Social Studies Academy at Teachers Pay Teachers in September 1786 what's Maryland to discuss trade problems and other weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and what became known as the Annapolis convention lead by the Virginia planter James Madison and New York lawyer Alexander Hamilton summer in Philadelphia to make changes to the Articles of Confederation Madison in Hamilton New they needed George Washington to attend the convention in 1787 to provide legitimacy current news of Shays rebellion and tireless letters from Madison and Hamilton convinced him to go so the Constitutional Convention in the summer of 1787 55 delegates representing 12 of the 13 states met in Philadelphia in May of 1787 the Washington Madison and Hamilton the famous Benjamin Franklin attended the intended to be elite figures of their stay many of whom had attended college at a time when this was very wet because Rhode Island was a no-show the delegates were really breaking the rules of the art of Confederation which required a unanimous vote to pass amendments the delegates pushed on in secret keeping the public out and the window not in the stifling heat the delegates chosen Washington to preside over the Convention as no one would question his selfless loyalty to the United States however he left most of the debates to the delegates one of those delegates was James Madison known as the quote on quote father of the Constitution Madison had his fellow Virginian delegate Edmund Randolph begin the convention by proposing his Virginia plant calling for a strong national government the Virginia Plan called for three branches of government with a powerful bicameral or two house legislature controversial because he wanted both houses to have representation proportional to States population Madison introduced and to become called the president chosen by the legislature with limited power finally he called for a judicial branch with judges would serve for life in addition the Virginia Plan gave the legislature the power to tax and regulate trade both desperately needed and widely agreed on again most of the delegates need with the Virginia Plan they saw this as a solution to many of the weaknesses of the Articles but there definitely were some concerns most importantly Channel representation or the number of Representatives based on the States population Congress and in their eyes for good reason for Jenny would say the Delaware we have 10 times as many people as you do and we'll pay ten times the amount of taxes we have 10 times the amount of Representatives small states would argue that under the Articles of Confederation we had an equal voice so why would we want to form new government ruled by large states in response the small states put forth the New Jersey Plan introduced by William Paterson of New Jersey you call for three branches of government and the power to tax but the main difference as can be expected would be a one-house legislature with equal representation Allstate's just like Congress worked under the Articles of Confederation the New Jersey Plan did fix a lot of the problems of the Articles of Confederation create a less powerful government than the Virginia Plan both sides held firm creating a stalemate at the convention so now was time for compromise something are politicians today seem to need a lot of work on the Constitutional Convention consisted of a series of compromises or settlements of in which each side gives up some of their demands most of which you will need to know for your exam the first compromise came towards the beginning of the convention in which the delegates had to decide whether to amend the Articles Confederation or write a new constitution they voted write a new one on June 9th it's possibly the biggest compromise solve the stalemate between the Virginia and the New Jersey plants called the Great Compromise great compromise settled the dispute of representation in Congress Rodger Sherman of Connecticut which is why I've sometimes referred to as the Connecticut Compromise suggested one house based on population the House of Representatives and one on equal representation the Senate and this is how I Earth continues to operate here is another look at the Great Compromise if you want to hit pause and write this down another heavily debated issue was the relation of a president to the framers they feared having one individual with too much power could lead to abuse some delegates the position should be made up of several individuals with a council of presidents too many delegates a single executive sounded an awful lot like a king they also wondered how make it should be elected their solution the Electoral College delegates should be elected by the people sung by Congress as a compromise they develop the Electoral College in the Electoral College the people vote for electors who then cast their vote for the president this system continues to be debated today especially in light of our most recent election another issue that needed compromise was slavery that elephant in the room that no one wanted to talk about by the time of the Gathering in Philadelphia Savory however the southern states threatened to walk out of the convention if the slavery question was considered as James Madison set at the what's the two tional convention the states were divided into different interest not by their difference of size but principally from having slaves or not having lights it did not lie between the large and small states and lay between the northern and the southern now ironically is Southern slave owners like Madison Washington in addition to the northern representative spoke out against slavery and would like to see the dressed in the Constitution however states such as South Carolina and threaten this Union as it was so Central to their economy and livestock Northerners knew they needed Southern support to hold this fragile agreement together slavery was such a sensitive issue that the word slave was never used in the Constitution but references were made to it one issue was the slave trade the northern states had already banned the slave trade and wanted to prohibited nationally Southerners were extremely against this as a compromise the northern states agree put in a section stating that Congress would not interfere with with the slave trade until 1808 the next reference to slavery came in what is known as the Three-Fifths Comp Southern States didn't want to talk about slavery when it came to calculating population representation by counting slaves Southern States would have more cheats and therefore votes in the House of Representatives the catch was that southern states would also therefore pay more taxes as the solution the convention decided that every five slaves would count as three people the 3/5 compromise in addition to just showing how much disregard people had for slaves would have serious future ramifications on politics finally another issue that delegates had was the lack of Bill of Rights many state constitutions contain listings of essential rights and freedoms such as Virginia Declaration of Rights many delegates argued that the separation of powers and checks and balances in the document made a list of Rights unnecessary other delegates were just tired of debating and wanted to return home before Bill of Rights could be at this issue would Luna Rise in the ratification debates however after a long hot summer the Constitution was finally approved on September 17th 1780 the delegates met to sign the Constitution delegates Elbridge Gary George Mason and Edmund Randolph refuse to sign the three men who were need the sign signal the debates to come over the new powers granted in the Constitution as the document was sent to the states for ratification Nana Miss approval the delegates voted that only 9 of 13 states needed to ratify the document to go into effect but passage of the Constitution would I don't leave result in the struggle and would create America's first two political parties the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists which is where we will pick up next time before we do let's review why could the Constitutional Convention be considered unconstitutional from the very start  well only 12 13 states showed up and the Articles required a unanimous vote to make amendments or changes what was the name of the Plan introduced by Randolph and written by Madison that kicked off the convention the Virginia Plan list at least one thing that was different about the Virginia Plan from the Articles of Confederation well it had three branches it had the power to tax the power to regulate interstate and International raid slavery issues which states favor the Virginia Plan large populated states what was the plan proposed by small dates for a week or national government the New Jersey Plan what was the biggest debate between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan proportional representation or representation based on population in both houses what was the name of the compromise that saw the what's between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans  the Great Compromise sometimes referred to as the Connecticut Compromise the Great Compromise proposed that made both sides kind of Happy the house of reps based on population and the Senate based on equal representation made on slavery the Three-Fifths Compromise counting slaves and that the slave trade will be allowed until 1804 what did the three fifths compromise state it stated that every five slaves would count as 3 / asteroids representation and taxes what did some delegates feel was missing from the Constitution  a Bill of Rights how many states coordinated for the Constitution to go into effect 9 out of 13 states and that's it I want to thank you guys for watching be sure to subscribe because up neck we're going to look at that document the Constitution and yes or my two teachers that this PowerPoint with worksheets Smartboard activities guided notes lip class videos lesson plan does quizzes kahoots and much much more are available at teacherspayteachers click the link in the notes below this video or search for mr. Raymond Social Studies Academy at Teachers Pay

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Constitutional Convention for US History

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